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Liknande ord
Definitioner
Substantiv
- (mathematics, logic) Either of two laws in formal logic which state that:
- The negation of a conjunction is the disjunction of the negations; expressed in propositional logic as: ¬ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬ 𝑝) ∨ (¬ 𝑞)
- The negation of a disjunction is the conjunction of the negations; expressed in propositional logic as: ¬ (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬ 𝑝) ∧ (¬ 𝑞)
- (mathematics) Either of two laws in set theory which state that:
- The complement of a union is the intersection of the complements; as expressed by: (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′
- The complement of an intersection is the union of the complements; as expressed by: (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′
- (mathematics, loosely) Any of various laws similar to De Morgan’s laws for set theory and logic; for example: ¬∀𝑥 𝑃(𝑥) ⇔ ∃𝑥 ¬𝑃(𝑥)
Exempel
- Let ‘F’ stand for the state of affairs that consists in finite persons possessing and exercising free will. Let ‘p’ stand for ‘God exists’; ‘q’ for ‘F obtains’; ‘r’ for ‘F poses a serious risk of evil’; and ‘s’ for ‘There is no option available to God that counters F.’ With this in place, the argument may be formalized as follows: (1) [(p & q) & r] → s Premiss (2) ~s Premiss (3) ~[(p & q) & r] 1, 2 MT (4) ~(p & q) v ~r 3 DM (5) r Premiss (6) ~(p & q) 4, 5 DS (7) ~p v ~q 6 DM (3) follows from the conjunction of (1) and (2) by modus tollens; De Morgan’s law applied to (3) yields (4); (4) and (5) together lead to (6) by disjunctive syllogism; and another application of De Morgan’s law takes us from (6) to the final conclusion, according to which either God exists or there is free will (but not both).
Böjningsformer